Apparently:
You see, starting in about 2009, in the pits that capture manure
under factory-scale hog farms, a gray, bubbly substance began appearing
at the surface of the fecal soup. The problem is menacing: As manure
breaks down, it emits
toxic gases like hydrogen sulfide and flammable ones like methane, and
trapping these noxious fumes under a layer of foam can lead to sudden,
disastrous releases and even explosions. According to a 2012 report
from the University of Minnesota, by September 2011, the foam had
"caused about a half-dozen explosions in the upper Midwest…one explosion
destroyed a barn on a farm in northern Iowa, killing 1,500 pigs and
severely burning the worker involved."
And the foam grows to a thickness of up to four feet—check out these images,
from a University of Minnesota document published by the Iowa Pork
Producers, showing a vile-looking substance seeping up from between the
slats that form the floor of a hog barn. Those slats are designed to
allow hog waste to drop down into the below-ground pits; it is alarming
to see it bubbling back up in the form of a substance the consistency of
beaten egg whites.
And here's the catch: Scientists can't explain the phenomenon.
Also:
Jacobson said that surveys show that around 25 percent of operations
in the hog-intensive regions of Minnesota, Illinois, and Iowa are
experiencing foam—and "the number may be higher, because some operators
might not know that they have it."
He added that the practice of feeding hogs distillers grains,
the mush leftover from the corn ethanol process, might be one of the
triggers. Distillers grains entered hog rations in a major way around
the same time that the foam started emerging, and manure from hogs fed
distillers grains contains heightened levels of undigested fiber and
volatile fatty acids—both of which are emerging as preconditions of foam
formation, he said. But he added that distillers grains aren't likely
the sole cause, because on some operations, the foam will emerge in some
buildings but not others, even when all the hogs are getting the same
feed mix.
But if the causes of manure foam remain a mystery, a solution seems to be emerging, Jacobson told me: Dump a bit of monensin,
an antibiotic widely used to make cows grow faster, directly into the
foam-ridden pit. At rather low levels—Jacobson told me that about 25
pounds of the stuff will treat a typical 500,000 gallon pit—the stuff
effectively breaks up the foam, likely by altering the mix of microbes
present. No other treatment has been shown to work consistently, he
said.
I don't remember hearing about that before, but I'm too lazy to google through the site to see if I wrote it up before. Video of the phenomenon
here. The distillers' grain is a really interesting angle. One more issue potentially raised by our crazy food to fuel program. Hogs aren't meant to eat that stuff.
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