OilPrice:
What’s green about thorium? First, thorium reactors are more
efficient than uranium reactors, because they waste less fuel and
produce far more energy. Most nuclear power plants are currently only
able to extract between 3 and 5 percent of the energy in uranium fuel
rods. In molten salt-cooled reactors, favored by many thorium
proponents, nearly all the fuel is consumed. According to a pro-thorium
group of British lawmakers, one metric tonne of thorium delivers the
same amount of energy as 250 tonnes of uranium.
Second, and
perhaps most important from a “green” perspective, thorium yields little
waste and is less radioactive. According to its proponents, residue
from the thorium reaction will become inert within 30 years, compared to
10,000 years for radioactive waste currently generated from uranium
reactors.
A further advantage thorium has over uranium is its
relative abundance in the Earth's crust. The silvery-black metal is
estimated to be three to four times more plentiful than uranium, with
large reserves existing in China, Australia, the United States, Turkey,
India and Norway. Tons of it are known to be buried in the U.S., since
thorium is a by-product of rare earth mining.....
One large hole that can be punched in the argument for thorium
involves the economics of thorium reactors. Experts say compared to
uranium, the thorium fuel cycle is more costly and would require
extensive taxpayer subsidies.
Another issue is time. With a viable
thorium reactor at least a decade away if not more, the cost of
renewable alternatives like solar and wind may come down to a point
where thorium reactors won’t be economical. Critics also point out that
the nuclear industry has invested too much in uranium reactors – along
with government buy-in and a set of regulations around them – to be
supplanted by thorium.
As for the “green nuclear” argument,
thorium's detractors say that isn't necessarily the case. While thorium
reactors produce less waste, they also produce other radioactive
by-products that will need safe disposal, including U-232, which has a
half-life of 160,000 years.
“It will create a whole new volume of
radioactive waste from previously radio-inert thorium, on top of the
waste from uranium reactors. Looked at in these terms, it's a way of
multiplying the volume of radioactive waste humanity can create several
times over,” said Oliver Tickell, author of Kyoto2, speaking to The Guardian.
I thought the main draw to thorium was
safety? After Fukushima, that would seem to be a beneficial advantage:
Science writer Richard Martin states that nuclear physicist Alvin Weinberg,
who was director at Oak Ridge and primarily responsible for the new
reactor, lost his job as director because he championed development of
the safer thorium reactors. Weinberg himself recalls this period:
[Congressman] Chet Holifield
was clearly exasperated with me, and he finally blurted out, "Alvin, if
you are concerned about the safety of reactors, then I think it may be
time for you to leave nuclear energy." I was speechless. But it was
apparent to me that my style, my attitude, and my perception of the
future were no longer in tune with the powers within the AEC.
Martin explains that Weinberg's unwillingness to sacrifice
potentially safe nuclear power for the benefit of military uses forced
him to retire:
Weinberg realized that you could use thorium in an entirely new kind
of reactor, one that would have zero risk of meltdown. . . . his team
built a working reactor . . . . and he spent the rest of his 18-year
tenure trying to make thorium the heart of the nation’s atomic power
effort. He failed. Uranium reactors had already been established, and Hyman Rickover,
de facto head of the US nuclear program, wanted the plutonium from
uranium-powered nuclear plants to make bombs. Increasingly shunted
aside, Weinberg was finally forced out in 1973.
Clearly, there are some serious drawbacks, or we'd have thorium reactors at utility scale. I'm in favor of safe nuclear power, but I've got my doubts about the feasibility of thorium as a major energy source.
This is a Lie ! Period.
ReplyDelete"One large hole that can be punched in the argument for thorium involves the economics of thorium reactors. Experts say compared to uranium, the thorium fuel cycle is more costly and would require extensive taxpayer subsidies."
Didn't it take taxpayer subsidies in the form of loan guarantees to get the first nuclear reactor in about a quarter century under way? I guarantee a utility-scale thorium reactor would require the same or more.
ReplyDelete